MAIN PUBLICATION :

Nordel (2002) ‘Nordel common balance management in the Nordic Countries’, Nordic Transmission System Operators

OECD/IEA (2004) Renewable Energy, Market and Policy Trends in IEA Countries, OECD and International Energy Agency, Paris, France

OECD/IEA (2007) World Energy Outlook 2007, OECD and International Energy Agency, Paris

Ottinger, R. L. et al. (1990) Environmental Cost of Electricity, Pace University Centre of Environmental Legal Studies, Oceana Publications Inc, New York, United States

Parkhill, T. (2007) ‘Tensions between Scottish national policies for onshore wind energy and local dissatisfaction – Insights from regulation theory’, European Environment, vol 17, no 5, pp307–320

Parsons, B. et al. (2003) ‘Grid impacts of wind power: A summary of recent studies in the United States’, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Conference document of the European Wind Energy Conference 2003, Madrid, Spain

Pedden, M. (2005) ‘Analysis: Economic impacts of wind applications in rural communities’, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Subcontract No NREL-SE-500-3909

Pedersen, E. and Person Waye, K. (2004) ‘Perception and annoyance due to wind turbine noise – A dose–response relationship’, Journal of Acoustical Society of America, vol 116, no 6, pp3460–3470

Pedersen, E. and Person Waye, K. (2007) ‘Wind turbine noise, annoyance and self-reported health and wellbeing in different living environments’, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol 64, no 7, pp480–486, available at www.websciences.org/cftemplate/NAPS/archives/indiv.cfm?ID=20066545

Pedersen, E. and Person Waye, K. (2008) ‘Wind turbines – Low level noise sources interfering with restoration?’, Environmental Research Letters, vol 3

Percival, S. M. (2003) ‘Birds and wind farms in Ireland: A review of potential issues and impact assessment’, Ecology Consulting

Percival, S. M. (2007) ‘Predicting the effects of wind farms on birds in the UK: The development of an objective assessment method’, in M. de Lucas, G. Janss and M. Ferrer (eds) Birds and Wind Farms. Risk Assessment and Mitigation, Quercus, Madrid

Pfaffenberger, W., Jahn, K. and Djourdjin, M. (2006) ‘Renewable energies – Environmental benefits, economic growth and job creation’, case study paper, Bremer Energie Institut, Germany

Platts (2008) UDI World Electric Power Plants Database Europe, available at www.platts.com

Poortinga, W. and Pidgeon, N. F. (2004) ‘Trust, the asymmetry principle, and the role of prior beliefs’, Risk Analysis, vol 24, no 6, pp1475–1486

Poortinga, W. and Pidgeon, N. F. (2006) ‘Prior attitudes, salient value similarity, and dimensionality: Toward an integrative model of trust in risk regulation’, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol 36, no 7, pp1674–1700

Prades López, A., Horlick-Jones, T., Oltra, C. and Solá, R. (2008) ‘Lay perceptions of nuclear fusion: Multiple modes of understanding’, Science and Public Policy, vol 35, no 2, pp95–105

Prades, A. and González Reyes, F. (1995) ‘La percepción Social del Riesgo: Algo más que discrepancia expertos/público’, Revista de la Sociedad Española de Protección Radiológica – Radioprotección, vol 3, no 10

Raftery, P., Tindal, A. J. and Garrad, A. D. (1997) ‘Understanding the risks of financing wind farms’, Proceedings of European Wind Energy Conference, Dublin, Ireland

Raftery, P., Tindal, A. J., Wallenstein, M., Johns, J., Warren, B. and Dias Vaz, F. (1999) ‘Understanding the risks of financing wind farms’, Proceedings of European Wind Energy Conference, Nice, France

Ragwitz, M. et al. (2007) Assessment and Optimisation of Renewable Energy Support Schemes in the European Electricity Market, Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, Germany

RECS International (2005) ‘The use of the guarantee of origin’, evaluation report, Renewable Energy Certificate System, available at www.recs.org

Redlinger, R. Y., Dannemand Andersen, P. and Morthorst, P. E. (2002) Wind Energy in the 21st Century, Palgrave Macmillan, United Kingdom

REN21 (2008) ‘Renewables 2007 global status report’, Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century, REN21 Secretariat, Paris, and Worldwatch Institute, Washington, DC

Rennings, K. (1996) ‘Economic and ecological concepts of sustainable development: External costs and sustainability indicators’, in O. Hohmeyer et al. (eds), Social Costs and Sustainability, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany

Resch, G., Faber, T., Ragwitz, M., Held, A., Panzer, C. and Haas, R. (2008) ‘Futures-e Recommendation report: 20 per cent RES by 2020 – A balanced scenario to meet Europe’s renewable energy target’, European Commission Intelligent Energy – Europe Project Futures-e EIE/06/143/SI2.444285, Vienna, Austria

Rogers, G. (1998) ‘Siting potentially hazardous facilities: What factors impact perceived and acceptable risk?’, Landscape and Urban Planning, vol 39, pp265–281

Rohrig, K. et al. (2004) ‘New concepts to integrate German offshore wind potential into electrical energy supply’, ISET, Universität Kassel, given at the European Wind Energy Conference (EWEC 2004), London, UK

Rubio, M. J. and Varas, J. (1999) ‘El análisis de la realidad en la intervención social. Métodos y técnicas de investigación social’, Editorial CCS, Madrid, Spain

Schuman, H. and Stanley, P. (1996) Questions and Answers in Attitude Surveys: Experiments on Question Form, Wording, and Context (reprint edition), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States

Scott, K. E., Anderson, C., Dunsford, H., Benson, J. F. and MacFarlane, R. (2005) ‘An assessment of the sensitivity and capacity of the Scottish seascape in relation to offshore windfarms’, Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No 103 (ROAME No 03AA06)

Scottish Executive Central Research Unit (2000) ‘Public Attitudes towards Wind Farms in Scotland’, Scottish Executive, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Scottish Executive (2002) ‘Planning Advice Note 45: Renewable Energy Technologies’, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, available at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2002/02/pan45/pan-45

Scottish Government (2008) ‘The economic impacts of wind farms on Scottish tourism. A report for the Scottish Government’, Glasgow Caledonian University, Moffatcentre and Cogentsi, Glasgow, United Kingdom, available at www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/214910/0057316.pdf

SDC (2005) ‘Wind power in the UK. A guide to the key issues surrounding onshore wind power development in the UK’, Sustainable Development Commission, London, UK

SEA (2004) ‘The electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic field implications for wind farming in Australia’, Sustainable Energy Australia

Sempreviva, A. M., Barthelmie, R., Giebel, G.,Lange, B. and Sood, A. (2003) ‘2FP6 “POW’WOW”coordination action project’, available at http://powwow.risoe.dk/publ/SemprevivaBarthelmieGiebelLangeSood-OffshoreWindResourceAssessment_444_Ewec2007fullpaper.pdf

Sengupta, D. and Senior, T. (1983) ‘Large wind turbine sitting handbook: Television interference assessment’, final subcontract report

Simon, A. M. (1996) ‘A summary of research conducted into attitudes to wind power from 1990 to 1996’, British Wind Energy Association, available at www.bwea.com/ref/surveys-90-96.html

Skytte, K. (2008) ‘Implication of large-scale wind power in northern Europe’, Presentation at EWEC 08, Brussels, available at http://ewecproceedings.info/

Slovic, P. (1993) ‘Perceived risk, trust, and democracy’, Risk Analysis, vol 13, pp675–682

Smith, J. C., Parsons, B., Acker, T., Milligan, M., Zavadil, R., Schuerger, M. and DeMeo, E. (2007) ‘Best practices in grid integration of variable wind power: Summary of recent US case study results and mitigation measures’, Proceedings of the 2007 European Wind Energy Conference, Milan, Italy, May

Soder, L. et al. (2007) ‘Experience from wind integration in some high penetration areas’, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol 22, no 1, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?isnumber=4105991&arnumber=4106017&count=29&index=1

Stanton, C. (2005) ‘Visual impacts. UK and European perspectives’, Proceedings of NWCC Technical Considerations in Siting Wind Developments, available at www.nationalwind.org/events/siting/proceedings.pdf

Strbac, G. and Bopp, T. (2004) ‘Value of fault ride through capability for wind farms’, report to Ofgem, July, accessible at www.sedg.ac.uk

Szymczak, G. (2007) ‘How should the problem of windfarm connection be resolved in Poland? Examples of procedures for obtaining connection offers in EU countries’, Wokó Energetyki Journal, Polish Wind Energy Association, April

Tande, J. O., Muljadi, E., Carlson, O., Pierik, J., Estanqueiro, A., Sørensen, P., O’Malley, M., Mullane, A., Anaya-Lara, O. and Lemstrom, B. (2004) ‘IEA wind annex XXI: Dynamic models of wind farms for power system studies’, European Wind Energy Conference (EWEC 2004), London, UK, available at http://www.energy.sintef.no/wind/iea_dynamic_models_EWEC'04_paper.pdf

Tande, J. O. G., Korpås, M., Warland, L., Uhlen, K. and Van Hulle, F. (2008) ‘Impact of TradeWind offshore wind power capacity scenarios on power flows in the European HV network’, Seventh International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power and on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Farms, Madrid, Spain, May

Thayer, R. and Freeman, C. M. (1987) ‘Altamont: Public perceptions of a wind energy landscape’, Landscape and Urban Planning, vol 14, pp379–398

Thomsen, F., Lüdemann, K., Kafemann, R. and Piper, W. (2006) Effects of offshore wind farm noise on marine mammals and fish biola, Hamburg, Germany, on behalf of COWRIE Ltd., available at www.offshore wind.co.uk

Thomsen, F., Lüdemann, K., Kafemann, R. and Piper, W. (2006). ‘Effects of offshore wind farm noise on marine mammals and fish, biola’ . Hamburg, Germany on behalf of COWRIE Ltd

Toke, D. (2005) ‘Explaining wind power planning outcomes: Some findings from a study in England and Wales’, Energy Policy, vol 33, no 12, pp1527–1539

Toke, D., Breukers, S. and Wolsink, M. (2008) ‘Wind power deployment outcomes: How can we account for the differences?’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol 12, no 4, pp1129–1147

 
Troen, I. and Lundtang Petersen, E. (1989) European Wind Atlas, Risø National Laboratory, ISBN 978-87-550-1482-4

Tsoutsos, T., Gouskos, Z., Karterakis, S. and Peroulaki, E. (2006), European Wind Energy Conference, Athens, Greece

UCTE, ‘System adequacy forecast 2007–2020’, Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity, available at www.ucte.org/_library/systemadequacy/saf/UCTE_SAF_2007-2020.pdf

UCTE, ‘Transmission development plan 2008’, Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity, available at http://www.ucte.org/_library/otherreports/tdp08_report_ucte.pdf

Ummels, B. C. et al. (2008) ‘Energy Storage Options for System Integration of Offshore Wind Power in the Netherlands’, Proceedings of European Wind Energy Conference, Brussels, Belgium, 3–7 April

UNEP, ILO and ITUC (2007) ‘Green jobs: Towards sustainable work in a low-carbon world’, preliminary report, Green Jobs Initiative, WorldWatch Institute, UNEP

UNEP Risø CDM/JI (2008) ‘Pipeline analysis and database’, available at http://cdmpipeline.org/cdm-projects-type.htm

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (2006)

University of Newcastle (2002) ‘Visual assessment of windfarms: Best practice’, Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report F01AA303A

Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitätswerke (2000) ‘VDEW-Statistik 1998 – Leistung und Arbeit’, VWEW Energieverlag, Frankfurt, Germany (CD-ROM)

Wahlberg, M. and Westerberg, H. (2005) ‘Hearing in fish and their reactions to sounds from offshore wind farms’, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 288, pp295–309

Walker, G. (1995) ‘Renewable energy and the public’, Land Use Policy, vol 12, no 1, pp49–59

Warren, C. R., Lumsden, C., O’Dowd, S. and Birnie, R. V. (2005) ‘Green on green: Public perceptions of wind power in Scotland and Ireland’, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, vol 48, no 6, pp853–875

Watkiss, P., Downing, T., Handley, C. and Butterfield, R. (2005) ‘The impacts and costs of climate change’, final report to DG Environment, Brussels, Belgium, September

Weisberg, H. F., Krosnick, J. A. and Bowen, B. D. (1996) An Introduction to Survey Research, Polling, and Data Analysis (third edition), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States

Whiteley, O. et al. (2004) ‘MITRE Project overview report: Meeting the targets and putting renewable energies to work’, European Commission DG TREN Altener project, available at http://mitre.energyprojects.net/

Wolsink, M. (1988) ‘The social impact of a large wind turbine’, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol 32, no 8, pp324–325

Wolsink, M. (1989) ‘Attitudes and expectancies about wind turbines and wind farms’, Wind Engineering, vol 13, no 4, pp196–206

Wolsink, M. (1994) ‘Entanglement of interests and motives: Assumptions behind the NIMBY-theory on facility siting’, Urban Studies, vol 31, no 6, pp851–866

Wolsink, M. (1996) ‘Dutch wind power policy – Stagnating implementation of renewables’, Energy Policy, vol 24, no 12, pp1079–1088

Wolsink, M. (2000) ‘Wind power and the NIMBY-myth: Institutional capacity and the limited signifi cance of public support’, Renewable Energy, vol 21, pp49–64

Wolsink, M. (2007) ‘Wind power implementation: The nature of public attitudes: Equity and fairness instead of “backyard motives”’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol 11, pp1188–1207

Woyte, A., Gardner, P. and Snodin, H. (2005) ‘COD work package 8: Grid issues’, European Commission FP5 Project COD NNE5-2001-00633, Ireland, available at http://www.offshorewindenergy.org/cod/CODReport_Grid.pdf

Woyte, A. et al. (2008) A North Sea Electricity Grid (r) Evolution: Electricity Output of Interconnected Offshore Wind Power Generation in the North Sea. A Vision on Offshore Wind Power Integration, Greenpeace, Brussels, Belgium

Wratten, A., Martin, S., Welstead, J., Martin, J., Myers, S., Davies, H. and Hobson, G. (2005) The Seascape and Visual Impact Assessment Guidance for Offshore Wind Farm Developers, Enviros Consulting and Department of Trade and Industry

Wüstenhagen, R., Wolsink, M. and Bürer, M. J. (2007) ‘Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: An introduction to the concept’, Energy Policy, vol 35,
pp2683–2691

[1] Dobesch, H. and Kury, G. (1997) ‘Wind atlas for the Central European Countries Austria, Croatia, Czech Repulic, Hungary, Slovak Republic and Slovenia’, Österreichische Beiträge zu Meteorologie und Geophysik, Heft 16, Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik, Vienna, Austria

[2] Risø EMD (1999) ‘Wind resource atlas for Denmark’, available at http://www.windatlas.dk/World/DenmarkWRA.html, accessed September 2008

[3] Petersen, E. L., Troen, I., Frandsen, S. and Hedegaard, K. (1981) Wind Atlas for Denmark. A Rational Method for Wind Energy Siting, Risø-R-428, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark

[4] Tammelin, B. (1991) Suomen Tuuliatlas. Vind Atlas för Finland (Wind Atlas for Finland) (in Finnish and Swedish), Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

[5] Traup, S. and Kruse, B. (1996) Wind und Windenergiepotentiale in Deutschland. Winddaten für Windenergienutzer (in German), Selbstverlag des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, Offenbach am Main, Germany

[6] Foussekis, D., Chaviaropoulos, P., Vionis, P., Karga, I., Papadopoulos, P. and Kokkalidis, F. (2006) ‘Assessment of the long-term Greek wind atlas’, Centre for Renewable Energy Sources, Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference 2006, Athens, Greece

[7] Watson, R. and Landberg, L. (2001) ‘The Irish wind atlas’, in P. Helm and A. Zervos (eds) Wind Energy for the New Millennium, Proceedings of 2001 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition (EWEC), Copenhagen, WIP Renewable Energies, Munich, Germany, pp894–897

[8] ESBI Consultants and TrueWind Solutions (2003) ‘Project report, Republic of Ireland wind atlas 2003’, Sustainable Energy Ireland, Dublin, June, Report No 4Y103A-1-R1, available at http://www.sei.ie/uploadedfiles/RenewableEnergy/IrelandWindAtlas2003.pdf (accessed September 2008)

[9] Podesta, A. et al. (2002) ‘The wind map of Italy’, presented at Eurosun 2002, Bologna, Italy

[10] Botta, G., Casale, C., Lembo, E., Maran, S., Serri, L., Stella, G., Viani, S., Burlando, M., Cassola, F., Villa, L. and Ratto, C. F. (2007) ‘The Italian wind atlas – status and progress’, in Proceedings of European Wind Energy Conference 2007, EWEA, Brussels, Belgium, available at http://www.ewec2007proceedings.info/index.php (accessed September 2008)

[11] Krieg, R. (1992) ‘Vindatlas för Sverige’ (Wind Atlas for Sweden) (in Swedish), Slutrapport på projekt 506 269-2 på uppdrag av NUTEK, Norrköping; see also Krieg, R. (1999) ‘Verifiering af beräknad vind-energiproduktion (Verification of estimated wind power productions)’ (in Swedish), SMHI rapport No 28, Norrköping, Sweden

[12] Burch, S. F. and Ravenscroft, F. (1992) ‘Computer modelling of the UK wind energy resource: Overview report’, Energy Technology Support Unit Report WN7055, UK Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform

[13] Vector, A. S. (2003) ‘Norwegian wind atlas’, available at http://www.windsim.com/wind_energy/wind_atlas/index.htm, accessed September
2008

[14] Ivanov, P., Sabeva, M. and Stanev, S. (1982) Reference Book for PR of Bulgaria, Volume IV: Wind, Nauka I Izkustvo Publishing House, Sofia, Bulgaria, available at http://ebrdrenewables.com/sites/renew/countries/Bulgaria/profile.aspx, accessed September 2008

[15] Rathmann, O. (2003) The UNDP/GEF Baltic Wind Atlas, Risø-R-1402(EN), Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark

[16] Kull, A. and Steinrücke, G. (1996) Estonia Wind Atlas, University of Tartu, Institute of Geography, Tartu, Estonia

[17] ‘Estonia Wind Map’ (no date), available at http://130.226.17.201/extra/web_docs/windmaps/estland.jpg , accessed September 2008

[18] ‘Latvian Wind Map’, Latvian Association of Wind Energy, available at http://www.windenergy.lv/en/karte.html, accessed September 2008

[19] Sander and Partner GmbH (2004), ‘Wind atlas Poland’, available at http://www.sander-partner.ch/be/en/Polen/index.html, accessed September 2008

[20] ICEMENERG (1993) ‘Wind atlas of Romania’, available at http://www.ebrdrenewables.com/sites/renew/countries/Romania/profile.aspx, accessed September 2008

[21] Dündar, C., Canbaz, M., Akgün, N. and Ural, G. (2002) ‘Türkiye Rüzgar Atlasi’ (Turkish Wind Atlas), Turkish State Meteorological Service and General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration, available at http://www.meteoroloji.gov.tr/2006/arastirma/arastirma-arastirma.aspx?subPg=107&Ext=htm

[22] Elliott, D., Schwartz, M., Scott, G., Haymes, S., Heimiller, D. and George, R. (2003) Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Armenia, NREL/TP-500-33544, available at http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/33544.pdf, accessed September 2008

[23] Gelovani, M., Chikvaidze, G., Eristavi, V., Lobdjanidze, N., Rogava, S., Rishkov, M., Sukhishvili, E., Tusishvili, O., Zedginidze, A. and Zedginidze, I. (2004) Wind Energy Atlas of Georgia. Volume I: Regional Estimations, edited by A. Zedginidze, advisor L. Horowicz, Karenergo Scientific Wind Energy Center, Tbilisi, Georgia, ISBN 978-99928-0-910-5

[24] Starkov, A. N., Landberg, L., Bezroukikh, P. P. and Borisenko, M. M. (2000) Russian Wind Atlas, ISBN 978-5-7542-0067-8, Russian-Danish Institute for Energy Efficiency, Moscow, and Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark

[25] Suisse Éole, Wind Energie Karte der Schweiz, available at http://wind-data.ch/windkarte, accessed September 2008

REFERENCES FOR TABLE I.2.1